Izinto ze-bamboo zinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cellulose, ukwakheka kwefayibha ezacile, izakhiwo ezinhle zemishini kanye nepulasitiki. Njengenye into enhle yokwenza iphepha lezinto zokusetshenziswa zokhuni, u-bamboo ungahlangabezana nezidingo ze-pulp zokwenza iphepha eliphakathi nendawo neliphezulu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali e-bamboo kanye nezakhiwo ze-fiber zinezakhiwo ezinhle zokudonsa. Ukusebenza kwe-bamboo pulp kungokwesibili ngemuva kokhuni lwe-coniferous, futhi kungcono kunokhuni olunamaqabunga abanzi kanye ne-pulp yotshani. IMyanmar, iNdiya namanye amazwe ahamba phambili emhlabeni emkhakheni we-bamboo pulping nokwenza iphepha. Imikhiqizo ye-bamboo kanye nemikhiqizo yephepha yaseChina ithengwa kakhulu evela eMyanmar naseNdiya. Ukuthuthukisa ngamandla imboni ye-bamboo pulping kanye ne-papermaking kubaluleke kakhulu ekudambiseni ukushoda kwamanje kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-wood pulp.
Uqalo lukhula ngokushesha futhi ngokuvamile lungavunwa eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-4. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi e-bamboo anomphumela oqinile wokulungiswa kwekhabhoni, okwenza izinzuzo zezomnotho, zemvelo nezenhlalo zemboni ye-bamboo zivele zivelele. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza uqalo lwaseShayina sekuvuthwe kancane kancane, kanti nemishini esemqoka njengokushefa nokudonsa ikhiqizwe ekhaya. Imigqa yokukhiqiza iphepha le-bamboo emikhulu nemaphakathi yenziwe izimboni futhi yafakwa ekukhiqizeni eGuizhou, eSichuan nakwezinye izindawo.
Izici zamakhemikhali ze-bamboo
Njengempahla ye-biomass, u-bamboo unezingxenye ezintathu zamakhemikhali ezinkulu: i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, ne-lignin, ngaphezu kwenani elincane le-pectin, isitashi, i-polysaccharides, ne-wax. Ngokuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nezici ze-bamboo, singaqonda ubuhle kanye nobubi boqalo njenge-pulp nempahla yephepha.
1. I-bamboo inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cellulose
Iphepha eliqediwe eliphakeme linezidingo eziphakeme zezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-pulp, ezidinga ukuphakama kwe-cellulose okuqukethwe, okungcono, futhi ukwehla kokuqukethwe kwe-lignin, i-polysaccharides nezinye izinto ezikhishwe, kungcono. U-Yang Rendang et al. waqhathanisa izingxenye zamakhemikhali eziyinhloko zezinto ze-biomass ezifana noqalo (Phyllostachys pubescens), i-masson pine, poplar, notshani kakolweni futhi wathola ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose kwakuyi-masson pine (51.20%), uqalo (45.50%), poplar (43.24%), kanye notshani lukakolweni (35.23%); okuqukethwe kwe-hemicellulose (pentosan) kwakungu-poplar (22.61%), uqalo (21.12%), utshani lukakolweni (19.30%), ne-masson pine (8.24%); okuqukethwe kwe-linnin kwakuyi-bamboo (30.67%), i-mason pine (27.97%), i-poplar (17.10%), notshani lukakolweni (11.93%). Kuyabonakala ukuthi phakathi kwezinto ezine zokuqhathanisa, uqalo luwukudonsa okuluhlaza okwesibili ku-mason pine.
2. Izintambo zoqalo zinde futhi zine-aspect ratio enkulu
Ubude obujwayelekile bemicu ye-bamboo yi-1.49 ~ 2.28 mm, ububanzi obujwayelekile buyi-12.24 ~ 17.32 μm, futhi i-aspect ratio yi-122 ~ 165; ubukhulu bodonga obumaphakathi bomucu bungu-3.90 ~ 5.25 μm, futhi isilinganiso sodonga kuya emgodini singu-4.20 ~ 7.50, okuyifayibha enodonga oluwugqinsi ene-aspect ratio enkulu. Izinto ze-Pulp zincike kakhulu ku-cellulose kusuka kuzinto ze-biomass. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinhle ze-biofiber zokwenza iphepha zidinga okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cellulose kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-lignin ephansi, okungakwazi ukwandisa kuphela isivuno se-pulp, kodwa futhi kunciphise umlotha kanye nokukhishwa. Uqalo unezici zemicu emide kanye ne-aspect ratio enkulu, okwenza i-fiber interweaving izikhathi eziningi endaweni yeyunithi ngemva kokwenziwa kwe-bamboo pulp ibe yiphepha, futhi amandla ephepha abe ngcono. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwe-pulping ye-bamboo kusondelene nokhuni, futhi kunamandla kunezinye izitshalo zotshani ezifana notshani, utshani lukakolweni, ne-bagasse.
3. I-bamboo fiber inamandla amakhulu efayibha
I-bamboo cellulose ayivuselelwa kuphela, iyawohloka, i-biocompatible, i-hydrophilic, futhi inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokumelana nokushisa, kodwa futhi inezici ezinhle zemishini. Ezinye izazi zenza ukuhlola okuqinile ezinhlotsheni ezingu-12 zemicu yoqalo futhi zathola ukuthi i-modulus yayo enwebekayo namandla aqinile ayedlula imicu yokhuni yasehlathini ekhula ngokushesha. Wang et al. kuqhathaniswe izici eziqinile zemishini yezinhlobo ezine zemicu: uqalo, i- kenaf, i-fir, ne-ramie. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-tensile modulus namandla e-bamboo fiber yayiphezulu kunezinye izinto ezintathu ze-fiber.
4. Uqalo unomlotha omningi futhi ukhipha okuqukethwe
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkuni, u-bamboo unomlotha omningi omlotha (cishe u-1.0%) kanye ne-1% ye-NAOH ekhishwe (cishe i-30.0%), ezokhiqiza ukungcola okwengeziwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokudonsa, engahambisani nokukhishwa nokuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile embonini ye-pulp nephepha, futhi izokwandisa izindleko zokutshala izimali zemishini ethile.
Njengamanje, ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yephepha ye-bamboo pulp ye-Yashi Paper isifinyelele izidingo ezijwayelekile ze-EU ROHS, yaphumelela i-EU AP (2002)-1, i-US FDA nezinye izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zebanga lokudla emhlabeni jikelele, yaphumelela isitifiketi sehlathi se-FSC 100%, futhi iyinkampani yokuqala eSichuan ukuthola isitifiketi sokuphepha nesinempilo saseChina; ngesikhathi esifanayo, iye yathathwa njengesampula njengomkhiqizo "wokuqondisa wekhwalithi ofanelekayo" yi-National Paper Products Inspection Center iminyaka eyishumi ilandelana, futhi iphinde yazuza izindondo njengokuthi "I-National Quality Stable Qualified Qualified Brand and Product" evela ku-China Quality Tour.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-03-2024
