Vusa abathengi ukuthi bacabange ngokugaywa kabusha kwezinto ezingasetshenzisiwe zephepha eziyingozi

1.Ukujulisa Imikhuba Eluhlaza

Ithani elilodwa lephepha elilahliwe, ngaphansi kokugaywa kabusha, liyakwazi ukuqala impilo entsha, liguquke libe ngama-850 kg wephepha eligaywe kabusha. Lolu shintsho alubonisi nje ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza, kodwa futhi luvikela ngokungabonakali ama-cubic metres angu-3 wezinsiza zezinkuni eziyigugu, ukuze ziqhubeke zikhula ehlathini futhi zigcine ibhalansi yemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le nqubo yonga ama-cubic metres angu-100 amanzi, okuyinto enhle ekudambiseni inkinga yokuntuleka kwamanzi.

Mayelana nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ithani ngalinye lephepha likadoti elisetshenziswayo linciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali angama-300kg, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwezinto eziyingozi ezingase zenziwe ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, amathani angu-1,2 amalahle kanye no-600 kWh kagesi angongiwa, okubaluleke kakhulu ngokonga ugesi kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okusimeme.

Ukusebenzisa ithani elingu-1 lemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngephepha elingu-100% eligaywe kabusha kuzonciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioxide ngamathani angu-11.37. Lokhu akukhona nje ukubonakaliswa kokuqwashisa ngemvelo komuntu siqu, kodwa futhi kuyimpendulo enhle ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwephepha eligaywe kabusha kancane kancane kuba amandla abalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuphila okuluhlaza kanye nokwakha umphakathi wekhabhoni ephansi.

2.Izinsalela ephepheni likadoti, izinto ezingavuthiwe zephepha eligaywe kabusha, kanye nomthelela wazo
I-Waste paper ngesikhathi sokugaywa kabusha, ngokuvamile ithwala izinsalela ezihlukahlukene, lezi zinsalela azigcini nje ngokubeka ingozi empilweni yomuntu, kodwa futhi zingase zibe nomthelela omubi endaweni yemvelo.

Izinsimbi ezinzima zingenye yezinsalela ezivamile ephepheni likadoti. Inqubo yokukhiqiza yephepha eligaywe kabusha ingase iqukathe izakhi zensimbi ezinzima ezifana nomthofu, i-mercury ne-cadmium. Lezi zinsimbi ezinzima zinobuthi emzimbeni womuntu, futhi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside noma ukudla okuqukethe izinsimbi ezinzima kungase kubangele izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zempilo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, izinsimbi ezisindayo azonakaliswa kalula endaweni yemvelo, futhi uma sezingenile ku-ecosystem, zingase ziqongelele isinyathelo ngesinyathelo phakathi kochungechunge lokudla, ekugcineni zidale ukulimala kokulingana kwemvelo.
I-Organic matter nayo iyisakhi esibalulekile esiyinsalela ephepheni likadoti. Lapho iphepha eligaywe kabusha lihlangana namakhemikhali nama-microorganisms ngesikhathi lisetshenziswa, i-pulp ekulo ingase iboliswe ibe izinto eziphilayo eziyingozi, njenge-benzene ne-phenol. Lezi zinto eziphilayo zingase zibe yingozi emzimbeni womuntu kanye nendawo ezungezile, futhi zingadala izinkinga zempilo ezifana nokucasuka kwesikhumba nezinkinga zokuphefumula. Zingase futhi zingcolise imithombo yamanzi nomhlabathi, kuthinte ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo nezilwane.

Amagciwane nama-parasites nawo ayizinsalela ephepheni eligaywe kabusha okungafanele zishaywe indiva. Iphepha eliwudoti lingase libe namabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene kanye nezimuncagazi, njenge-Escherichia coli, i-pneumococcus nezikelemu, uma lingelashwanga ngokuqinile ngesikhathi sokugaywa kabusha. Lama-pathogens ayingozi enkulu empilweni yomuntu kanye nenhlanzeko yemvelo, futhi angaholela ekudluliselweni kwezifo kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Enqubweni yokubuyiswa nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwephepha elilahliwe, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, njengokuthuthukisa iqoqo elihlukile lephepha elilahlwayo, ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwephepha eligaywe kabusha kanye nokuqinisa ukukhishwa kwamagciwane kwephepha eligaywe kabusha, ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo ebangelwa izinsalela ephepheni likadoti. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umphakathi kufanele futhi uthuthukise ukuqwashisa ngemvelo, ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo nokulahlwa kwephepha elilahlwayo, futhi uvikele ngokuhlanganyela indawo yethu yemvelo.

3.Izingozi zezinsalela ezingaba khona ephepheni eligaywe kabusha
Inqubo yokukhiqiza iphepha eligaywe kabusha iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebucayi, ehlanganisa ukubilisa i-pulp ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukungezwa kwe-calcium hypochlorite, kanye nokukhishwa kwe-disinfection yesibili lokushisa ngesikhathi sokubumba isilinda. Lolu chungechunge lwezinyathelo zokucubungula lubulala ngempumelelo inani elikhulu lamabhaktheriya namagciwane, ngaleyo ndlela luqinisekise izinga lokuhlanzeka kwephepha eligaywe kabusha. Nokho, ngisho nangale nqubo yokukhiqiza eqinile, kusekhona ezinye izinhlamvu zesikhunta okungaba nzima ukuzisusa, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezifana ne-Penicillium, i-Aspergillus erythropolis ne-Aspergillus flavus.
Ngokuvamile zivela ephepheni elilahlwayo, lezi zinhlamvu zesikhunta zivumelana kakhulu nendawo yazo futhi zingaphila ezimeni ezihlukahlukene ezinzima. Ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa afinyelela kumakhulu ambalwa, lezi zinhlamvu zisakwazi ukuphila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yemvelo yawo yamakhemikhali ezinzile, ama-asidi aqinile nama-alkali nama-disinfectants oxidising nezinye izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokuvala inzalo ngokuvamile azikwazi ukumelana nazo.
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlamvu zesikhunta, i-Aspergillus flavus inobuthi ikakhulukazi. Ibhekwa kabanzi njengenye yezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni, enobuthi obudlula kude le bezinto eziyingozi njenge-nicotine ne-formaldehyde. Kudingeka kuphela igremu elingu-0.1 le-aflatoxin ukuze libulale esikhathini esifushane. Okubi nakakhulu, ngisho noma idliwe kuphela noma ihogelwe ngamanani amancane isikhathi eside, i-aflatoxin izodala umonakalo omkhulu oyingozi ohlelweni lokuphefumula nokugaya ukudla komuntu, futhi ingase ibangele ngisho nezimila eziyingozi njengomdlavuza wesibindi, umdlavuza wamaphaphu nomdlavuza wesisu. I-World Health Organization iyibeke njenge-carcinogen, futhi izinga layo lokulimala alinakushaywa indiva.

Ngokujabulisayo, izinhlamvu ze-Aspergillus flavus zizolala ezindaweni zokushisa okuphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kumise okwesikhashana ukukhula nokuzala kwazo.

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Xhumana nathi ngolwazi olungezansi!