●Inqubo yokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp
Kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-bamboo okuphumelelayo, izinqubo eziningi ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe kanye nemikhiqizo yokucubungula i-bamboo kuye kwavela ngokulandelana, okuthuthukise kakhulu inani lokusetshenziswa kwe-bamboo. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokupompa ngomshini baseShayina kudlule endleleni yendabuko yesandla futhi kuguqukela kumodeli yokukhiqiza yezimboni neyezimboni. Izinqubo zokukhiqiza i-bamboo pulp ezidumile zamanje ziyimishini, amakhemikhali kanye namakhemikhali. I-bamboo pulp yaseShayina ikakhulukazi iyikhemikhali, ebalelwa cishe ku-70%; i-chemical mechanical ingaphansi, ingaphansi kuka-30%; ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zemishini ukukhiqiza i-bamboo pulp kunqunyelwe esigabeni sokuhlola, futhi akukho mbiko omkhulu wezimboni.
1. Indlela yokudonsa ngomshini
Indlela yokugaya ngomshini iwukugaya uqalo lube imicu ngezindlela zomshini ngaphandle kokufaka amakhemikhali. Inezinzuzo zokungcola okuphansi, izinga eliphezulu lokugaya kanye nenqubo elula. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokulawulwa kokungcola okuqinile kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsizakusebenza ze-pulp yokhuni ezweni, i-pulp yoqalo yomshini iye yaziswa kancane kancane ngabantu.
Nakuba i-pulping yemishini inezinzuzo zesilinganiso esiphezulu se-pulping kanye nokungcola okuphansi, isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini ye-pulping kanye ne-papermaking yezinto ze-coniferous ezifana ne-spruce. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-lignin, umlotha, kanye ne-1% ye-NAOH ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali e-bamboo, ikhwalithi ye-pulp ayinhle futhi kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi zephepha lezentengiselwano. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni akuvamile futhi ikakhulukazi kusesigabeni socwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuhlola ubuchwepheshe.
2. Indlela yokudonsa ngamakhemikhali
Indlela yokugaya amakhemikhali isebenzisa uqalo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi isebenzisa indlela ye-sulfate noma indlela ye-sulfite ukwenza uqalo lwe-bamboo. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zoqalo ziyahlolwa, zigezwe, zikhishwe amanzi emzimbeni, ziphekwe, zifakwe emakhazeni, zihlungwe, zihlanzwe ngomshini ophikisanayo, zivaliwe, zihlukaniswe nge-oxygen, zifakwe emakhazeni kanye nezinye izinqubo zokwenza uqalo lwe-bamboo. Indlela yokugaya amakhemikhali ingavikela i-fiber futhi ithuthukise izinga lokugaya. Uqalo olutholiwe lusezingeni elihle, luhlanzekile futhi luthambile, kulula ukulufaka emakhazeni, futhi lungasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza iphepha lokubhala nephepha lokuphrinta elisezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngenxa yokususwa kwenani elikhulu le-lignin, umlotha kanye nezicucu ezahlukahlukene enqubweni yokugaya ngendlela yokugaya amakhemikhali, izinga lokugaya lokugaya uqalo liphansi, ngokuvamile liyi-45% ~ 55%.
3. Ukudonsa Kwemishini Yamakhemikhali
I-Chemical Mechanical Pulping iyindlela yokudonsa esebenzisa uqalo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi ihlanganisa ezinye izici zokudonsa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokudonsa ngomshini. I-Chemical Mechanical Pulping ihlanganisa indlela ye-semi-chemical, indlela ye-chemical mechanical kanye nendlela ye-chemical thermomechanical.
Ngokusebenzisa i-bamboo pulping kanye nokwenza iphepha, izinga lokusebenzisa i-pulping yamakhemikhali liphakeme kunelokusebenzisa i-chemical pulping, okungafinyelela ku-72% ~ 75%; ikhwalithi ye-pulp etholakala ngokusebenzisa i-chemical mechanical pulping iphakeme kakhulu kuneyokusebenzisa i-mechanical pulping, engahlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqizwa kwephepha lezimpahla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zokuthola i-alkali kanye nokwelashwa kwendle nazo ziphakathi kokusebenzisa i-chemical pulping kanye nokusebenzisa i-mechanical pulping.
▲Umugqa Wokukhiqiza Ukudonsa I-Bamboo
●Imishini Yokwenza Iphepha Le-Bamboo Pulp
Imishini yengxenye yokwakha yomugqa wokukhiqiza iphepha le-bamboo pulp ifana kakhulu neyomugqa wokukhiqiza iphepha le-bamboo pulp. Umehluko omkhulu wemishini yokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp usezigabeni zokulungiselela ezifana nokusika, ukuwasha kanye nokupheka.
Ngenxa yokuthi uqalo lunesakhiwo esingenalutho, imishini yokusika ihlukile kweyokhuni. Imishini yokusika uqalo (ukugoqa) evame ukusetshenziswa ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi i-roller bamboo cutter, i-disc bamboo cutter kanye ne-drum chipper. I-roller bamboo cutters kanye ne-disc bamboo cutters zisebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa ikhwalithi yama-bamboo chips acutshunguliwe (isimo se-bamboo chip) ayilungile njengeyama-drum chippers. Abasebenzisi bangakhetha imishini yokusika (ukugoqa) efanele ngokwenhloso ye-bamboo pulp kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza. Ezitshalweni ze-bamboo pulp ezincane neziphakathi nendawo (okukhiphayo <100,000 t/a), imishini yokusika uqalo yasekhaya yanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza; ezitshalweni ze-bamboo pulp ezinkulu (okukhiphayo ≥100,000 t/a), imishini yokusika (ukugoqa) ethuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ingakhethwa.
Imishini yokuwasha ama-chip e-bamboo isetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola, futhi kuye kwabikwa imikhiqizo eminingi enelungelo lobunikazi eShayina. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa ama-vacuum pulp washers, ama-pressure pulp washers kanye nama-belt pulp washers. Amabhizinisi aphakathi namakhulu angasebenzisa ama-double-roller displacement press pulp washers amasha noma ama-pulp washers aqinile okususa amanzi.
Imishini yokupheka ama-bamboo chip isetshenziselwa ukuthambisa ama-bamboo chip kanye nokuhlukanisa amakhemikhali. Amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi asebenzisa amabhodwe okupheka aqondile noma ama-horizontal tube continuous cooker. Amabhizinisi amakhulu angasebenzisa ama-Camille continuous cooker ane-diffusion washing ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi isivuno se-pulp naso sizokhula ngokufanele, kodwa kuzokhulisa izindleko zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye kuphela.
1. Ukwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp kunamandla amakhulu
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwezinsizakusebenza ze-bamboo zaseShayina kanye nokuhlaziywa kokufaneleka kwe-bamboo ngokwayo ekwenzeni iphepha, ukuthuthukisa ngamandla imboni ye-bamboo pulping akugcini nje ngokunciphisa inkinga yezinto zokusetshenziswa zokhuni oluqinile embonini yephepha yaseShayina, kodwa futhi kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokushintsha isakhiwo sezinto zokusetshenziswa zomkhakha we-papermaking nokunciphisa ukuncika kuma-chip okhuni angeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ezinye izazi zihlaziye ukuthi izindleko zeyunithi ye-bamboo pulp ngeyunithi ngayinye ziphansi cishe ngo-30% kuneze-pine, i-spruce, i-eucalyptus, njll., futhi ikhwalithi ye-bamboo pulp ilingana neye-pulp yokhuni.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwephepha lehlathi kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko
Ngenxa yezinzuzo zoqalo ezikhula ngokushesha nezivuselelayo, ukuqinisa ukutshalwa kwamahlathi akhethekile oqalo akhula ngokushesha kanye nokusungula isisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-bamboo pulp esihlanganisa amahlathi nephepha kuzoba yisiqondiso sentuthuko esimeme yemboni yokwenza i-pulp nephepha yaseShayina, ukunciphisa ukuncika kuma-chip nama-pulp okhuni angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuthuthukisa izimboni zikazwelonke.
3. Ukugaya uqalo lwe-Cluster kunamandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa
Embonini yokucubungula uqalo yamanje, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingaphezu kuka-90% zenziwe nge-moso bamboo (Phoebe nanmu), esetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza izinto zasekhaya nezinto zokwakha. Ukwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp kusebenzisa kakhulu i-moso bamboo (Phoebe nanmu) kanye ne-cycad bamboo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, okwakha isimo sokuncintisana ngezinto zokusetshenziswa futhi okungasizi intuthuko eqhubekayo yomkhakha. Ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ze-bamboo eluhlaza ezikhona, imboni yokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp kufanele ithuthukise ngamandla izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-bamboo ukuze zisetshenziswe ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, isebenzise ngokugcwele i-cycad bamboo eshibhile, i-giant dragon bamboo, i-phoenix tail bamboo, i-dendrocalamus latiflorus kanye nezinye i-clumping bamboo zokusebenzisa i-pulping kanye nokwenza iphepha, futhi ithuthukise ukuncintisana emakethe.
▲Uqalo oluhlanganisiwe lungasetshenziswa njengento ebalulekile yokwakheka kwephayiphu
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-04-2024
