I-China yizwe elinezinhlobo eziningi ze-bamboo nezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuphatha uqalo. Ngezinzuzo zayo ezicebile zensiza ye-bamboo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp papermaking ngokuya ngokuvuthwa, imboni yokwenza iphepha ye-bamboo pulp iyadlondlobala futhi nesivinini soguquko nokuthuthuka siyakhula ngesivinini. Ngo-2021, umkhiqizo wezwe lami we-bamboo pulp wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.42, ukwanda konyaka ngo-10.5%; kwakukhona amabhizinisi angu-23 okukhiqiza ukhuni lwe-bamboo ngaphezu kobukhulu obunqunyiwe, anabasebenzi abangu-76,000 kanye nenani eliphumayo lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13.2; bekunamabhizinisi angu-92 oqalo lwephepha namaphepha okucubungula nokukhiqiza, anabasebenzi abangu-35,000 kanye nenani eliphumayo lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.15; kwakukhona amabhizinisi okukhiqiza amaphepha enziwe ngezandla angaphezu kuka-80 asebenzisa uqalo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, anabasebenzi abangaba ngu-5,000 kanye nenani eliphumayo elingamayuan ayizigidi ezingu-700; ijubane lokuqeda amandla okukhiqiza okubuyela emuva liye lashesha, futhi ukupheka kwamakhemikhali okudonsa amanzi okuthuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe be-blekning, i-chemical mechanical pulping ephumelelayo ngaphambi kokumiliselwa kanye nobuchwepheshe be-pulping kanye nemishini isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni u-bamboo pulp. imboni yezwe lami yokwenza uqalo lwe-pulp iphokophele ekuthuthukisweni kwesimanje kanye nesikali.
Izinyathelo ezintsha
NgoZibandlela wezi-2021, i-State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye neminye iminyango eyi-10 ngokuhlanganyela yakhipha "Imibono Ngokusheshisa Ukuqamba Nokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yoqalo". Izindawo ezahlukahlukene ziye zakha izinqubomgomo ezisekelayo ngokulandelana ukuze zinikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kwenqubomgomo yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yemboni yoqalo, okuhlanganisa i-bamboo pulp kanye nemboni yephepha. izindawo eziyinhloko zezwe lami ze-bamboo pulp kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza iphepha zigxile eSichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi, Fujian naseYunnan. Phakathi kwazo, iSichuan njengamanje iyisifundazwe esikhulu kunazo zonke soqalo nokukhiqizwa kwephepha ezweni lami. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iSifundazwe saseSichuan sithuthukise ngamandla iqoqo lemboni ye-pulp ehlanganisiwe nephepha "le-bamboo-pulp-paper-processing-sales", sakha uhlobo oluphambili lwephepha lasendlini le-bamboo pulp, futhi saguqula izinzuzo zemithombo ye-bamboo eluhlaza ibe izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, kuzuzwe imiphumela emangalisayo. Ngokusekelwe emithonjeni ecebile yoqalo, iSichuan itshale izinhlobo zehlathi zoqalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, yathuthukisa ikhwalithi yezisekelo zehlathi loqalo, yatshala amahlathi oqalo emithambekeni engaphezu kwama-degree angu-25 kanye nepulazi elingelona eliyisisekelo elinemithambeka engu-15 kuya ku-25 degrees emithonjeni yamanzi ebalulekile ehlangabezana nenqubomgomo, ikhuthaze ngokwesayensi ukuphathwa koqalo olunezinhlangothi ezintathu, ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlathi okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu. kanye namahlathi e-bamboo emvelo, futhi yaqinisa izindlela zokunxeshezelwa kanye noxhaso oluhlukahlukene. Iziqiwi zoqalo ziye zanda kancane kancane. Ngo-2022, indawo yehlathi le-bamboo esifundazweni yadlula ama-mu ayizigidi eziyi-18, ihlinzeka ngenani elikhulu lezinto zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephezulu ze-bamboo fibre yokudonsa kanye nokwenza iphepha, ikakhulukazi iphepha le-bamboo pulp lombala wemvelo wasendlini. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yephepha lasendlini le-bamboo pulp futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashisa komkhiqizo wephepha lasendlini elinemibala yemvelo ekhaya naphesheya, i-Sichuan Paper Industry Association yafaka isicelo eHhovisi Lophawu Lokuhwebelana LeHhovisi Lombuso Lempahla Yengqondo ukuze kubhaliswe uphawu lokuthengisa oluhlangene lwe-"Bamboo Pulp Paper". Kusukela emzabalazweni owedlule wesandla esisodwa kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwamanje okuyingxenye eyodwa kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu, ukubamba ndawonye ukuze uthole imfudumalo kanye nokubambisana ngokuwina kube yimfanelo yesici sokuthuthuka kwe-Sichuan Paper. Ngo-2021, bekunamabhizinisi ayi-13 akhiqiza uqalo ngaphezu kobukhulu obunqunyiwe esiFundazweni saseSichuan, ane-bamboo pulp ephumayo engamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.2731, okuwukukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngama-7.62%, okubalelwa ku-67.13% womkhiqizo wezwe wokuqala we-bamboo ophumayo, okuthi cishe u-80% wawo ukhiqize amaphepha asendlini; bekunamabhizinisi angama-58 we-bamboo pulp house base paper base ekhiqiza amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.256 ngonyaka; bekunamabhizinisi angama-248 asebenza ngoqalo wephepha lasendlini anomkhiqizo wonyaka wamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.308. U-40% wephepha lemvelo le-bamboo pulp lasekhaya elikhiqizwayo liyathengiswa esifundazweni, kanti u-60% uthengiswa ngaphandle kwesifundazwe naphesheya ngezinkundla zokuthengisa ze-e-commerce kanye nohlelo lukazwelonke lwe-"Belt and Road". Umhlaba ubheka eShayina ukuthola i-bamboo pulp, kanti iChina ibheka eSichuan ukuze ithole i-bamboo pulp. Umkhiqizo we-Sichuan "we-bamboo pulp paper" usuhambe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha
izwe lami lingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke we-bamboo pulp/bamboo dissolving pulp, enemigqa engu-12 yesimanje yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali e-bamboo enamandla okukhiqiza onyaka angaphezu kwamathani ayi-100,000, isamba sokukhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.2, amathani angu-600,000 angu-bamboo ahlakazeka uketshezi. U-Fang Guigan, umcwaningi nomqondisi wobudokotela e-Institute of Forest Products Chemical Industry ye-Chinese Academy of Forestry, usenesikhathi eside ezibophezele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obubalulekile nezinto zokusebenza zemboni yezwe lami yokuthela isivuno esikhulu. Uthe ngemuva kwemizamo ehlanganyelwe yezimboni, izifundiswa kanye nocwaningo, abacwaningi baphule ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile be-bamboo pulp / ukukhiqizwa kwe-pulp yokuqedwa, kanye nokupheka okuthuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe be-bleaching kanye nemishini sekusetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni i-bamboo chemical pulp. Ngoguquko kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe efana nethi "New Technologies for Efficient Bamboo Pulping and Papermaking" kusukela "Ohlelweni Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nambili", izwe lami seliyixazulule ekuqaleni inkinga yebhalansi kasawoti we-N kanye no-P ohlelweni lokukhishwa kwe-silicon yotshwala obumnyama kanye nokwelashwa kokuphuma ngaphandle. Ngaso leso sikhathi, inqubekelaphambili yenziwe ekwandeni komkhawulo wokuba mhlophe kwe-bamboo high-yield pulp bleaching. Ngaphansi kwesimo somthamo we-ejenti yokushibilika kwezomnotho, ubumhlophe be-bamboo high-sivuno pulp bukhuphuke busuka ngaphansi kwama-65% ukuya ngaphezu kwama-70%. Njengamanje, abacwaningi basebenzela ukunqamula izingqinamba zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla kanye nesivuno esincane enqubweni yokukhiqiza u-bamboo pulp, futhi balwela ukudala izinzuzo zezindleko ekukhiqizweni kwe-bamboo pulp futhi bathuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ye-bamboo pulp.
Amathuba amasha
NgoJanuwari 2020, umyalo omusha wokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki kazwelonke wabeka ububanzi bokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki kanye nokukhethwa kwezinye izindlela, okuletha amathuba amasha ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza iphepha le-bamboo pulp. Ochwepheshe baveze ukuthi ngaphansi kwesizinda se-"carbon dual", i-bamboo, njengensiza ebalulekile yehlathi elingelona izinkuni, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikeleka kwezinkuni zomhlaba wonke, ukuthuthukiswa okuluhlaza okuphansi kwekhabhoni, kanye nokwenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu. "Ukushintsha ipulasitiki ngoqalo" kanye "nokufaka uqalo esikhundleni sokhuni" kunamandla amakhulu kanye namandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. I-bamboo ikhula ngokushesha, ine-biomass enkulu futhi inothile ngezinsiza. Izinga le-bamboo fibre morphology kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose kuphakathi kwezinkuni ze-coniferous kanye nokhuni olunamaqabunga abanzi, futhi i-pulp ye-bamboo ekhiqizwayo iqhathaniswa ne-pulp yokhuni. I-bamboo pulp fiber yinde kunaleyo yokhuni olunamaqabunga abanzi, i-microstructure yodonga lwamaseli ikhethekile, amandla okushaya kanye ne-ductility kuhle, futhi i-pulp e-bleached inezindawo ezinhle zokubona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-bamboo inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cellulose futhi i-fiber eluhlaza ye-fiber yokwenza iphepha. Izici ezihlukene ze-bamboo pulp kanye ne-pulp yokhuni zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yephepha eliphezulu nephephabhodi. U-Fang Guigan uthe ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwemboni ye-bamboo pulp kanye nephepha akuhlukaniseki emisha: okokuqala, ukusungulwa kwenqubomgomo, ukwandisa ukusekelwa kwezezimali, nokwakha nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda efana nemigwaqo, izintambo zezintambo, namaslayidi ezindaweni zamahlathi e-bamboo. Okwesibili, ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha zokugawula, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezinto zokugawula ezizenzakalelayo nezihlakaniphile, kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwabasebenzi futhi kunciphise izindleko zokuwa. Okwesithathu, imodeli emisha, ezindaweni ezinezimo ezinhle zensiza, hlela futhi wakhe amapaki ezimboni okucubungula uqalo, wandise uchungechunge lwezimboni futhi wandise uchungechunge lokucubungula, ukuzuza ngempela ukusetshenziswa kwekhwalithi egcwele yezinsiza zoqalo, futhi wandise izinzuzo zezomnotho zemboni yoqalo. Okwesine, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe, kwandiswe izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokucubungula uqalo, njengezinto zokwakha zoqalo, amabhodi oqalo, ukucutshungulwa okujulile kwamaqabunga oqalo, ukucutshungulwa okujulile kwama-bamboo chips (amanodi, uqalo ophuzi, uqalo lwe-bamboo), ukusetshenziswa kwenani eliphezulu kwe-lignin, nokwandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose (i-pulp ehlakazeka); xazulula izingqinamba ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizeni i-bamboo pulp ngendlela ehlosiwe futhi ubone ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kobuchwepheshe basekhaya kanye nemishini. Emabhizinisini, ngokwakha imikhiqizo emisha ehlukanisiwe efana ne-pulp encibilikayo, iphepha lasendlini, kanye nephepha lokupakisha ukudla, kanye nokuqinisa ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwenani eliphezulu kwe-fiber waste ekukhiqizeni, kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuphuma kumodeli enenzuzo ephezulu ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka futhi uzuze intuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-08-2024
