IShayina yizwe elinezinhlobo eziningi ze-bamboo kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphathwa kwe-bamboo. Ngezinzuzo zayo ezicebile zemithombo ye-bamboo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwenza i-bamboo pulp paper obukhula ngokukhula, imboni yokwenza i-bamboo pulp paper iyachuma futhi ijubane lokuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa liyashesha. Ngo-2021, umkhiqizo we-bamboo pulp wezwe lami wawungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.42, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-10.5%; kwakukhona amabhizinisi okukhiqiza i-bamboo pulp angaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe, anabasebenzi abangu-76,000 kanye nenani lomkhiqizo elingu-13.2 billion yuan; kwakukhona amabhizinisi okucubungula nokukhiqiza ephepha le-bamboo kanye nebhodi lephepha angu-92, anabasebenzi abangu-35,000 kanye nenani lomkhiqizo elingu-7.15 billion yuan; kwakukhona amabhizinisi okukhiqiza amaphepha enziwe ngezandla angaphezu kuka-80 asebenzisa i-bamboo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, anabasebenzi abangaba ngu-5,000 kanye nenani lomkhiqizo elingaba ngu-700 million yuan; Ijubane lokususa amandla okukhiqiza angemuva liye lashesha, futhi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokupheka nokuhlanza amakhemikhali, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlikihla ngemishini kanye nemishini kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwe-bamboo pulp. Imboni yokwenza iphepha le-bamboo pulp ezweni lami iya phambili ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuleni.
Izinyathelo ezintsha
NgoDisemba 2021, i-State Forestry and Grassland Administration, i-National Development and Reform Commission kanye neminye iminyango eyi-10 bakhiphe ndawonye "Imibono Yokusheshisa Ukuqamba Nokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yezingodo". Izindawo ezahlukahlukene zihlele ngokulandelana izinqubomgomo ezisekelayo ukuze zinikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kwenqubomgomo yokukhuthaza intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu yemboni yezingodo, okuhlanganisa imboni yezingodo nephepha. Izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza izingodo nephepha zezwe lami zigxile eSichuan, eGuizhou, eChongqing, eGuangxi, eFujian naseYunnan. Phakathi kwazo, iSichuan njengamanje iyisifundazwe esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza izingodo nephepha zezingodo ezweni lakithi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iSichuan Province sithuthukise ngamandla iqembu elihlanganisiwe lemboni yezingodo nephepha "lokuthengisa ngokucubungula izingodo nephepha lezingodo", lakha uhlobo oluhamba phambili lwephepha lezindlu lezingodo zezingodo, futhi laguqula izinzuzo zezinsiza zezingodo eziluhlaza zaba izinzuzo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, lathola imiphumela emangalisayo. Ngokusekelwe ezinsizeni ezicebile ze-bamboo, iSichuan itshale izinhlobo zehlathi le-bamboo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, yathuthukisa ikhwalithi yezisekelo zehlathi le-bamboo, yatshala amahlathi e-bamboo emathafeni angaphezu kwama-degrees angu-25 kanye nezindawo zokulima ezingezona eziyisisekelo ezinamathafeni angama-degrees angu-15 kuya kwangu-25 emithonjeni yamanzi ebalulekile ehlangabezana nenqubomgomo, yakhuthaza ngokwesayensi ukuphathwa kwamahlathi e-bamboo okunezinhlangothi ezintathu, yahlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlathi e-bamboo ezinkuni kanye namahlathi e-bamboo emvelo, futhi yaqinisa izindlela ezahlukene zokunxephezela kanye nokuxhaswa. Izindawo zokugcina i-bamboo ziye zanda kancane kancane. Ngo-2022, indawo yehlathi le-bamboo esifundazweni yadlula ama-mu ayizigidi ezingu-18, yanikeza inani elikhulu lezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-bamboo fibre ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokugaya nokubhala iphepha, ikakhulukazi iphepha lekhaya le-bamboo pulp yemvelo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yephepha lekhaya le-bamboo pulp futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuqwashiswa komkhiqizo wephepha lekhaya lemibala yemvelo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, iSichuan Paper Industry Association yafaka isicelo eHhovisi Lokuhweba leHhovisi Lempahla Yobuhlakani Likahulumeni ukuze kubhaliswe uphawu lokuhweba oluhlangene lwe-"Bamboo Pulp Paper". Kusukela emzabalazweni wesikhathi esidlule wesandla esisodwa kuya ekuthuthukisweni okuphakathi nendawo kanye nokwezinga elikhulu, ukubamba ndawonye ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufudumala nokubambisana okuzuzisa bonke kube yizinzuzo eziphawulekayo zentuthuko yeSichuan Paper. Ngo-2021, kwakunezinkampani ezingu-13 zokugaya uqalo ezingaphezu kosayizi oqokiwe eSifundazweni saseSichuan, ngomkhiqizo we-bamboo pulp wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.2731, ukwanda konyaka nonyaka okungu-7.62%, okubalwa u-67.13% womkhiqizo wokuqala we-bamboo pulp wezwe, okwathi cishe u-80% wawo wawusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza iphepha lasekhaya; kwakunezinkampani ezingu-58 zephepha le-bamboo pulp lasekhaya eliyisisekelo sephepha elinomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.256; kwakunezinkampani ezingu-248 zokucubungula iphepha le-bamboo pulp lasekhaya elinomkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.308. U-40% wephepha le-bamboo pulp lasekhaya elikhiqizwayo lithengiswa esifundazweni, kanti u-60% uthengiswa ngaphandle kwesifundazwe nakwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa amapulatifomu okuthengisa nge-e-commerce kanye nohlelo lukazwelonke lwe-"Belt and Road". Umhlaba ubheka eShayina ukuthola i-bamboo pulp, kanti iShayina ibheka eSichuan ukuthola i-bamboo pulp. Uhlobo lwe-"bamboo pulp paper" lwaseSichuan selufinyelele emhlabeni wonke.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha
Izwe lami lingumkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni we-pulp yokuncibilikisa i-bamboo pulp/bamboo, enemigqa engu-12 yesimanje yokukhiqiza i-pulp yamakhemikhali e-bamboo enekhono lokukhiqiza laminyaka yonke elingaphezu kwamathani ayi-100,000, umthamo wokukhiqiza ophelele wamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.2, lapho amathani angu-600,000 awo ayi-pulp yokuncibilikisa i-bamboo. UFang Guigan, umcwaningi kanye nomqondisi wobudokotela e-Institute of Forest Products Chemical Industry of the Chinese Academy of Forestry, usenesikhathi eside ezibophezele ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nemishini yemboni ye-pulp ehlanzekile ekhiqiza kakhulu yezwe lami. Uthe ngemuva kwemizamo ehlangene yezimboni, izazi kanye nocwaningo, abacwaningi badlule kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokukhiqiza i-pulp yokuncibilikisa i-bamboo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokupheka kanye ne-bleaching kanye nemishini busetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni i-pulp yamakhemikhali e-bamboo. Ngokuguqula nokusebenzisa imiphumela yocwaningo lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe efana nokuthi "Ubuchwepheshe Obusha Bokupompa Nokwenza Iphepha Okusebenzayo Kwe-Bamboo" kusukela "Kuhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Yeshumi Nambili", izwe lami ekuqaleni lixazulule inkinga yokulinganisela usawoti we-N kanye ne-P enqubweni yokususa i-silicon yotshwala obumnyama kanye nokwelashwa kokukhishwa kwangaphandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuye kwenziwa intuthuko ekhulayo ekwandiseni umkhawulo wobumhlophe bokupompa kwe-bamboo okunezinzuzo eziningi. Ngaphansi kwesimo somthamo we-agent yokupompa ngokwezomnotho, ubumhlophe be-bamboo okunezinzuzo eziningi bukhuphuke busuka ngaphansi kuka-65% kuya ngaphezu kuka-70%. Njengamanje, abacwaningi basebenza ukudabula izithiyo zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kanye nesivuno esiphansi enqubweni yokukhiqiza i-bamboo pulp, futhi balwela ukudala izinzuzo zezindleko ekukhiqizweni kwe-bamboo pulp kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke kwe-bamboo pulp.
Amathuba amasha
NgoJanuwari 2020, umyalelo omusha kazwelonke wokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki wawubeka ububanzi bokuvinjelwa kwepulasitiki kanye nokukhethwa kwezinye izindlela, okuletha amathuba amasha ezinkampanini zokukhiqiza i-bamboo pulp kanye nephepha. Ochwepheshe baveze ukuthi ngaphansi kwesizinda "se-dual carbon", i-bamboo, njengomthombo obalulekile wehlathi ongewona owokhuni, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwezinkuni zomhlaba wonke, intuthuko eluhlaza engaphansi kwekhabhoni, kanye nokuthuthukisa indlela yokuphila yabantu. "Ukufaka esikhundleni sepulasitiki nge-bamboo" kanye "nokufaka esikhundleni sezinkuni nge-bamboo" kunamandla amakhulu kanye namathuba amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwezimboni. I-bamboo ikhula ngokushesha, ine-biomass enkulu futhi icebile ngezinsiza. Ikhwalithi yesimo se-bamboo fiber kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-cellulose iphakathi kokhuni lwe-coniferous kanye nokhuni olunamaqabunga abanzi, kanti i-bamboo pulp ekhiqizwayo ifana ne-pulp yokhuni. I-bamboo pulp fiber inde kuneyokhuni olunamaqabunga abanzi, isakhiwo esincane sodonga lweseli sikhethekile, amandla okushaya kanye nokuguquguquka kuhle, kanti i-bleached pulp inezakhiwo ezinhle zokukhanya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-bamboo inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cellulose futhi iyinto eluhlaza ye-fiber enhle kakhulu yokwenza iphepha. Izici ezihlukile ze-bamboo pulp kanye ne-wood pulp zingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yephepha neyebhodi lephepha eliphezulu. UFang Guigan uthe intuthuko eqhubekayo yemboni ye-bamboo pulp kanye nephepha ayihlukani nokusungula izinto ezintsha: okokuqala, ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngokwenqubomgomo, ukwandisa ukwesekwa kwezezimali, nokwakha nokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda efana nemigwaqo, imigwaqo yekhebula, kanye nama-slide ezindaweni zamahlathi e-bamboo. Okwesibili, ukusungula izinto ezintsha emishinini yokugawula, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwemishini yokugawula ezenzakalelayo nehlakaniphile, kuzothuthukisa kakhulu umkhiqizo wabasebenzi futhi kunciphise izindleko zokugawula. Okwesithathu, ukulingisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ezindaweni ezinezimo ezinhle zezinsizakusebenza, ukuhlela nokwakha amapaki ezimboni okucubungula ubhambo, ukwandisa uchungechunge lwezimboni nokwandisa uchungechunge lokucubungula, ukufeza ngempela ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza zebhamboo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, nokukhulisa izinzuzo zomnotho zemboni yebhamboo. Okwesine, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukwandisa izinhlobo zemikhiqizo yokucubungula ubhambo, njengezinto zokwakha ubhamboo, amabhodi ebhamboo, ukucutshungulwa okujulile kwamaqabunga ebhamboo, ukucutshungulwa okujulile kwama-chips ebhamboo (ama-node, i-bamboo yellow, i-bamboo bran), ukusetshenziswa kwe-lignin enenani eliphezulu, nokwandisa ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose (i-pulp encibilikayo); ukuxazulula izinkinga zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-bamboo pulp ngendlela eqondiwe futhi ufeze ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe basekhaya kanye nemishini. Kumabhizinisi, ngokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha ehlukene efana nokuncibilikisa i-pulp, iphepha lasekhaya, kanye nephepha lokupakisha ukudla, kanye nokuqinisa ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemfucuza yefayibha enenani eliphezulu ekukhiqizweni, kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuphuma kumodeli enenzuzo ephezulu ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ufinyelele intuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-08-2024
