Ubani owasungula ukwenza iphepha? Yimaphi amaqiniso amancane athakazelisayo?

Ukwenza amaphepha kungenye yezinto ezine ezinkulu eziqanjwe eChina. E-Western Han Dynasty, abantu base beyiqondile kakade indlela eyisisekelo yokwenza iphepha. EMpumalanga Han Dynasty, umthenwa u-Cai Lun wafingqa isipiliyoni sabanduleli bakhe futhi wathuthukisa inqubo yokwenza iphepha, eyathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yephepha. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwephepha kuye kwanda. Iphepha liye lashintsha kancane kancane iziliphu ze-bamboo kanye nosilika, laba yinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yokubhala, futhi lisiza nokusabalala kwezakudala.

Ukwenza iphepha okuthuthukisiwe kwe-Cai Lun kwenze inqubo yokwenza iphepha esezingeni elilinganiselwe, engafinyezwa ngezinyathelo ezi-4 ezilandelayo:
Ukwehlukanisa: Sebenzisa indlela yokubuyisela kabusha noma ukubilisa ukuze ukhiphe izinto ezingavuthiwe kwisixazululo se-alkali bese uzihlakaza zibe imicu.
I-Pulping: Sebenzisa izindlela zokusika nokushaya ukuze usike izintambo futhi uzenze zibe umshanelo ukuze zibe yiphepha lephepha.
Ukwenza iphepha: Yenza i-pulp yephepha igxaze amanzi ukwenza i-pulp, bese usebenzisa i-paper scoop (i-bamboo mat) ukukha i-pulp, ukuze i-pulp ilukwe ephepheni ibe amashidi amancane ephepha elimanzi.
Ukomisa: Yomisa iphepha elimanzi elangeni noma emoyeni, futhi ulicwecwe ukwenza iphepha.

Umlando wokwenza iphepha: Ukwenziwa kwamaphepha emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke kwadluliselwa phansi kusuka eChina. Ukusungulwa kokwenza iphepha kungenye yeqhaza elikhulu laseShayina empucukweni yomhlaba. Engqungqutheleni yama-20 ye-International Papermaking History Association eyayise-Malmedy, eBelgium kusukela ngo-August 18 kuya ku-22, 1990, ochwepheshe bavumelana ngazwi linye ukuthi uCai Lun wayengumsunguli omkhulu wokwenza amaphepha futhi iChina kwakuyizwe elasungula ukwenziwa kwamaphepha.

Ukubaluleka kokwenza iphepha: Ukusungulwa kokwenza iphepha kusikhumbuza nokubaluleka kokuqanjwa kabusha kwesayensi nezobuchwepheshe. Enqubweni yokusungula iphepha, uCai Lun wasebenzisa izindlela ezintsha nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene ukwenza iphepha libe lula, ukonga futhi kube lula ukuligcina. Le nqubo ibonisa indima ebalulekile yokusungulwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe ekukhuthazeni inqubekelaphambili yomphakathi. Emphakathini wanamuhla, ukusungulwa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kube amandla abalulekile okukhuthaza inqubekelaphambili yomphakathi. Njengabafundi basekolishi, sidinga ukuqhubeka nokuhlola nokwenza izinto ezintsha ukuze sibhekane nezinguquko nezinselelo zomphakathi ezihlala zishintsha.