Ubani owasungula ukwenza amaphepha? Yimaphi amanye amaqiniso amancane athakazelisayo?

Ukwenza iphepha kungenye yezinto ezine ezinkulu ezasungulwa eShayina. EBukhosini baseNtshonalanga Han, abantu base beyiqondile indlela eyisisekelo yokwenza iphepha. EBukhosini baseMpumalanga Han, umthenwa uCai Lun wafingqa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabangaphambi kwakhe futhi wathuthukisa inqubo yokwenza iphepha, okwathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yephepha. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwephepha kuye kwaba yinto evamile. Iphepha liye lathatha indawo kancane kancane ye-bamboo slips kanye nesilika, laba yinto yokubhala esetshenziswa kabanzi, futhi futhi lenza kube lula ukusabalala kwezincwadi zakudala.

Ukwenziwa kwephepha okuthuthukisiwe kweCai Lun kwenze inqubo yokwenza iphepha ejwayelekile, engafingqwa ngezinyathelo ezine ezilandelayo:
Ukuhlukanisa: Sebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa noma ukubilisa ukuze ususe i-gum ezintweni zokusetshenziswa kusisombululo se-alkali bese uzihlakaza zibe imicu.
Ukudonsa: Sebenzisa izindlela zokusika nokubhoboza ukuze usike imicu bese uyenza ibe umshanelo ukuze ibe yi-pulp yephepha.
Ukwenza iphepha: Yenza i-pulp yephepha ithulule amanzi ukuze yenze i-pulp, bese usebenzisa isipuni sephepha (umata we-bamboo) ukuze ukhiphe i-pulp, ukuze i-pulp ihlanganiswe esipuni sephepha ibe amaphepha amancane ephepha elimanzi.
Ukomisa: Yomisa iphepha elimanzi elangeni noma emoyeni, bese ulikhipha ukuze wenze iphepha.

Umlando wokwenza amaphepha: Ukwenza amaphepha emazweni amaningi emhlabeni wonke kwadluliselwa eShayina. Ukusungulwa kokwenza amaphepha kungenye yeminikelo emikhulu yaseShayina empucukweni yomhlaba. Engqungqutheleni yama-20 ye-International Papermaking History Association eyayibanjelwe eMalmedy, eBelgium kusukela mhla ziyi-18 kuya kumhla zingama-22 kuNcwaba, 1990, ochwepheshe bavumelana ngazwi linye ukuthi uCai Lun wayengumsunguli omkhulu wokwenza amaphepha kanti iShayina kwakuyizwe elasungula ukwenza amaphepha.

Ukubaluleka kokwenza iphepha: Ukusungulwa kokwenza iphepha kusikhumbuza nokubaluleka kokuqamba okusha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Enkambisweni yokusungula iphepha, uCai Lun wasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ezintsha nobuchwepheshe ukwenza iphepha libe lula, lingabizi futhi kube lula ukuligcina. Le nqubo ibonisa indima ebalulekile yokuqamba okusha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yomphakathi. Emphakathini wanamuhla, ukusungula okusha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe sekuyinto ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yomphakathi. Njengabafundi basekolishi, sidinga ukuqhubeka nokuhlola nokuqamba okusha ukuze sibhekane nezinguquko nezinselele zomphakathi ezihlala zishintsha.